<layer>

Netscape Navigator 4 on Windows 95 or NT only. The <LAYER> tag allows you to create multiple layers of Web content that all sort of hang on your page at the same time. Using x, y, and z coordinates, someone can determine the exact positioning of items (text, images, movies, etc.) on a Web page, both in relation to the <LAYER> they reside and in relation to other layers. This has now been superceded with the advent of cascading style sheets as a standard, although Netscape Navigator 4 does not yet support the positioning part of the standard.

I have not addressed Netscape layers in Jalfrezi due to their limited support and the introduction of style sheets as a standard. For more information on layers, see the relevant sections in NetscapeWorld and Netscape's Developer Library.

<li> list item

Used to insert a bullet or item number into a list. For more information, see the detailed section on Lists.

<link>

This element indicates a relationship between the document and some other object. A document may have any number of <LINK> elements. Typical uses are to indicate authorship, related indexes and glossaries, older or more recent versions, etc. Until recently this tag was rarely used, but nowadays its main function is to link to a style sheet for the page - the last example shows how to do this.

• HREF="URL"

Used to point to a related resource, such as a style sheet or the author's e-mail address.

• TYPE="MIME type"

Used to define the MIME type of the document referred to.

• REL="text"

Describes the relationship of the referenced file to the document, eg. stylesheet.

• REV="text"

Describes the relationship of the document to the referenced file, ie. the reverse of rel.

<LINK REL="author" HREF="mailto:r.rutter@virgin.net">
<LINK REL="previous" HREF="http://vzone.virgin.net/sizzling.jalfrezi/itok.htm">
<LINK REL="stylesheet" HREF="stylesheet2.css" TYPE="text/css">

<listing>

Similar to <PRE> and <XMP>. Used to render blocks of text in a fixed-width font and so is suitable for text that has been formatted on screen. It is normally rendered so that a limit of 132 characters will fit on a line.

<LISTING>
FOR x=1 TO 10
PRINT "The square of ";x;" is ";x^2
NEXT x
</LISTING>

FOR x=1 TO 10 PRINT "The square of ";x;" is ";x^2 NEXT x

<map> image map definition

Used to create a client-side image map definition. Must be used with the NAME attribute and <AREA> tag. For more information, see the detailed section on Image maps.

• name="text"

Provides a unique name for the image map file, as referenced by the USEMAP attribute of the <IMG> tag displaying the image map.

<MAP NAME="definition1">
<AREA SHAPE="rect" COORDS="94,3,227,30" HREF="http://www.harryhill.com/">
</MAP>

<marquee>

MS Internet Explorer 3 upwards only. Used to create a scrolling text effect, similar to the Marquee Windows screen saver. Marquees can also be written using JavaScript . Alternatively you can use animated GIFs to create a similar effect, using software such as the GIF Construction Set. Marquees are defined in a similar manner to the <IMG> tag as well as some of its own specific ones. To apply the <FONT> element to text within a marquee, you must place the <FONT> tags outside of the <MARQUEE> tags.

• WIDTH=pixels | percent

Specifies the width of the marquee in either pixels or as a percentage of the screen width.

• HEIGHT=pixels | percent

Specifies the height of the marquee in either pixels or as a percentage of the screen height.

• HSPACE=pixels

Specifies the space above and below the marquee in pixels.

• VSPACE=pixels

Specifies the space to the left and right of the marquee in pixels.

• ALIGN="top | middle | bottom"

Aligns the marquee to the top, middle or bottom of the text around it.

• BEHAVIOR="scroll | slide | alternate"

This specifies how the text moves in the marquee. If BEHAVIOR is set to scroll then the text starts hidden, scrolls on to the screen and off again before repeating. This is the default. Slide starts the hidden, scrolls it onto and across the screen, stopping it once it touches the other side. Alternate bounces the text back and forth within the marquee.

• DIRECTION="left | right"

Specifies the direction in which the text scrolls. Setting DIRECTION to left scrolls the text from left to right, setting it to right scrolls the text from right to left.

• LOOP=number | infinite

Sets the number of times that the text scrolls. The default is infinite.

• SCROLLAMOUNT=pixels

Defines the number of pixels between each successive redraw of the text..

• SCROLLDELAY=milliseconds

Defines the number of milliseconds between each successive redraw of the text..

• BGCOLOR="#RRGGBB | colorname"

Specifies the background colour of the marquee, using the conventional RGB hex triplet or colour names.

Wham! <MARQUEE ALIGN="middle" WIDTH="50%" BEHAVIOR="alternate">Club Tropicana drinks are free</MARQUEE> Fantastic!<BR>

Fantastic! <FONT SIZE=+1><MARQUEE ALIGN="middle" WIDTH="50%" BEHAVIOUR="scroll" DIRECTION="right" LOOP="6" BGCOLOR="white">Fun and sunshine there's enough for everyone</MARQUEE></FONT> Wham!<BR>

Wham! <MARQUEE ALIGN="middle" WIDTH="50%" SCROLLAMOUNT=10 SCROLLDELAY=300>Fun and sunshine there's enough for everyone</MARQUEE> Fantastic!

Wham! Club Tropicana drinks are free Fantastic!
Fantastic! Fun and sunshine there's enough for everyone Wham!
Wham! Fun and sunshine there's enough for everyone Fantastic!

<menu> menu list

Used to create a menu list. For more information, see the detailed section on Lists.

<meta>

This tag is used to embed document information not defined by other elements. Such information can be extracted by servers or browsers for use in identifying, indexing and cataloging specialised document meta-information. You can use either HTTP-EQUIV or NAME to name the meta-information, but CONTENT must be used in both cases. The <META> command must be placed in the <HEAD> tags. for more information see A Dictionary of HTML META Tags. No server or browser understands every META tag, but some of the more popular uses include:

Forcing an HTML page to automatically jump to another page or file after a specified time delay.
Supply search engines with a description and keywords.
Specify how your page should be cached.
Quote content rating for the PICS system operated by RSAC.
Indicate the program used to generate the document.
State the name of the author.
Describe the MIME content type.

• HTTP-EQUIV="refresh"

Tells the browser to jump to the document or file specified in the content attribute. This means if you wish to redirect users from an old page to a new one, you can do so automatically by including the appropriate URL in the CONTENT attribute. Similarly you can automatically load a sound file on entering a document.

• CONTENT="number; url=URL"

Specifies the time delay in seconds and the address of the file to jump to. If you specify the URL to be the current document, you can force the page to automatically reload after a set period of time.




<HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV="refresh" CONTENT="10; url=ltom.htm#meta">
</HEAD>




The above code is contained in an example page that will return you here after a 10 second wait. The Sound section of Special Procedures contains another example which automatically loads a sound file on entering a document.

• HTTP-EQUIV="pragma" CONTENT="no-cache"

Tells the browser not to cache the page. Note: some browsers may ignore this command.




<HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV="pragma" CONTENT="no-cache">
</HEAD>

• HTTP-EQUIV="content-type" CONTENT="MIME content type"

Describes the MIME content type of the web document. This is only really useful if you are using an unusual character set, eg. Greek. The example shows the character set for this page.




<HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV="content-type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
</HEAD>

• NAME="description | keywords" CONTENT="text | comma separated list"

Tells the server whether the contents is a description or a list of keywords. Depending on the value of the NAME attribute, CONTENTS provides a description of the document or list of keywords separated by commas.




<META Name="description" CONTENT="All the HTML elements, attributes and extensions. Teach yourself with clear explanations and examples for every single command.">
<META Name="keywords" CONTENT="HTML commands, writing web pages, extensions, attributes, tags, forms, tables, frames, authoring">




The above code could be used to describe this document. Some search engines, including Alta Vista and InfoSeek, use the keywords to identify the document in a search and then display the description with the document title.

• HTTP-EQUIV="expires"

Tells the browser that the page has a limited life. Once the expiry date is reached the browser should reload the page. Note: some browsers may ignore this command.

• CONTENT="date"

Tells the browser the expiry date of the document. Setting a date that has already passed the browser should force the browser to load the latest version.




<HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV="expires" CONTENT="Fri, 11 Apr 1997 17:46:01 GMT">
</HEAD>




Tells the browser that the pages expires on 11 April 1997 at 17:46 and 1 second, Greenwich meantime.

• HTTP-EQUIV="PICS-Label" CONTENT="PICS rating definition"

Defines a PICS content rating for a page or site. You need to register your site or page(s) with RSAC to be given the code you require to place in the CONTENT attribute.




<HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV="PICS-Label" content='(PICS-1.1 "http://www.rsac.org/ratingsv01.html" l gen true comment "RSACi North America Server" by "r.rutter@virgin.net" for "http://freespace.virgin.net/sizzling.jalfrezi/" on "1997.10.28T16:08-0800" r (n 0 s 0 v 0 l 0))'
</HEAD>

• NAME="generator" CONTENT="name of program"

Indicates the name of the program used to generate the page.




<HEAD>
<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="HTML Notepad v2.1">
</HEAD>

• NAME="author" CONTENT="author's name"

Indicates the author of the page.




<HEAD>
<META NAME="author" CONTENT="Richard Rutter">
</HEAD>

<multicol> multiple columns

Netscape Navigator 2 upwards. Used to display text in newspaper-style columns. This is a new tag and alternative methods suitable for other browsers are described in Tips 'n Tricks.

• COLS=number

Required to specify the number of columns used to display the text.

• WIDTH=pixels|percent

As in the WIDTH attribute of <TABLE>, this is used to specify the width of the entire set of columns in pixels or as a percentage of the browser window.

• GUTTER=pixels

Specifies the amount of space between the columns in pixels.

<MULTICOL COLS=3 WIDTH=80% GUTTER=15>
The Crate Application and Research Project was set up to promote crates in today's society. Modern attitudes to the crate have become somewhat jilted, especially since the sexual revolution of The Sixties. The Great British Red Crate used to be held in huge esteem by men and women from all classes. For instance, in the mid-Forties in Cheshunt, Hampshire, a crate was voted into the Office of Mayor for nearly three years running until meeting which a tragic accident involving a blowtorch. In 1951 the people of Bradninch, Devon, saw the first crate to be made a head schoolteacher.
</MULTICOL>

The Crate Application and Research Project was set up to promote crates in today's society. Modern attitudes to the crate have become somewhat jilted, especially since the sexual revolution of The Sixties. The Great British Red Crate used to be held in huge esteem by men and women from all classes. For instance, in the mid-Forties in Cheshunt, Hampshire, a crate was voted into the Office of Mayor for nearly three years running until meeting which a tragic accident involving a blowtorch. In 1951 the people of Bradninch, Devon, saw the first crate to be made a head schoolteacher.